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Infection Persistent staph infection - alternatives to Baytril?

OneandToodle

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Hi all,

This is my first post on this forum, I am an experienced piggie owner but have got to the point where I'm running out of options with one of my piggies and would appreciate any additional advice.

One of my girls, Toodle, started showing URI symptoms on Sunday 30 March, she was sneezing and had had a slight nose bleed. We took her straight into the vets who checked her temp (normal), lungs (clear), agreed with us that it was a URI in a relatively early stage and gave us Baytril at a dosage of 0.2m twice daily for 10 days (piggie weighed 980g). Having had piggies on baytril several times before, I stocked up on Critical Care and biolapis.

For the next 3 or 4 days she had horrendous nosebleeds, her face turned into a bloody mask and she was sneezing up blood every few minutes. I kept on with the antibiotics, plus syringed in Critical care, biolapis and extra vit C at least twice a day. Throughout all this though she had been relatively bright - eating her vegetables, picking through her hay and drinking from her bottle.

On day 5 the bleeding showed definite signs of slowing, and by day 6 it had stopped. She was still sneezing out clear or whitish fluid occasionally but nothing like the nightmare we'd had before. She carried on acting reasonably normally - a bit quiet (not surprising IME for pigs on Baytril) but eating/drinking etc. I was still syringing her twice a day.

We finished the 10 day course of Baytril, and although she was sneezing very occasionally she seemed so much better that it seemed as if the best idea is to stop the antib's as planned, let her regain her appetite and hopefully just go back to normal. She was off the antibiotics for about 4 days (still being syringed the critical care concoction twice a day) when I noticed she was getting worse again - the nasal discharge was back and getting thicker and she was sneezing more regularly. Back to the vets for more Baytril. Another 3 days of not much change/possibly getting slightly worse and we took her back to the vets. Her temp was still normal, her lungs were still clear and thanks to the force-feeding she'd only lost a tiny bit of weight. They took a swab of the mucus to culture and said to carry on with what we were doing.

3 days later the results came back as a staphylococcus infection that the Baytril should treat, so we kept going with our routine of syringing/antibiotics. The vets at this point said that other than taking her in for chest scans, there's nothing else they could do.

3 days ago she got worse. She is now looking really poorly, got that horrible 'floppy' feeling, stopped eating and is having trouble breathing, but she still hasn't stopped fighting in herself so I'm not going to give up on her.

She's too weak IMO to go through the sedation etc to have her chest scanned, and it is unlikely to come back as showing anything that would alter the course of treatment other than to find something that would mean PTS immediately. We know that there could be some underlying cause of this infection (a deep-seated abscess, tumour or similar) that we couldn't do anything about, but if she has just got a really nasty staph infection, is there anything stronger than Baytril that is still piggie-safe? Otherwise, is my only option to try and keep fluids, probiotics, fibre and glucose going into her to see if I can keep her going until the Baytril works (although it's been almost a month now that she's been on it)? What is the maximum safe dose for a piggie per kg of bodyweight?

Sorry that was so long, any thoughts or advice much appreciated.
 

Soecara

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You might need talk to your vet about trying a combination of drugs, perhaps bactrim and doxycycline or baytril and doxycycline, https://www.guinealynx.info/antibiotics.html. Did the culture test show a sensitivity to baytril? Perhaps the strain she has is resistant to baytril.
 

MochaAndMoo

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You might need talk to your vet about trying a combination of drugs, perhaps bactrim and doxycycline or baytril and doxycycline
Doxycycline is a relatively weak antibiotic, IMO something like bactrim would be more fitting.
I hope she gets better soon, please keep us updated.
 

bpatters

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If the Baytril hasn't worked alone yet, it's not likely to. Nebulizing an antibiotic can work, and some can be given that way that can't be given orally. I think the usual first step when Baytril alone doesn't work is to combine doxycycline with it. It may need to be given in rotations -- two weeks of ABs, a week to two weeks off, two weeks on, etc. Gentamycin can be nebulized, needs to be given carefully.

Bactrim is usually more effective with the organisms found in urinary tract infections, not in URIs. Many doctors and vets think it is not effective against strep at all, and is less effective against staph than some of the other antibiotics. Most of the references I found to it had to do with skin infections, not with URIs, so I'm not sure what the effectiveness would be there.
 

Rywen

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When Ferb had a URI he was on Baytril and Doxycycline at the same time so as other people have suggested she may need to be on 2 antibiotics at the same time.
 

OneandToodle

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Thank you all so much, I'll call the vet in the morning and see if they will give us some doxycycline. Hopefully they'll prescribe it without us having to go in for another appointment because I really don't want to stress her.

She still looks awful, but because its been dry for a few days I took them both out to the garden for see grass which she enjoyed, but it's horrible seeing how much weight she's lost.
 

OneandToodle

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Yes, we've got through 4 packets of critical care since she got sick, all syringe-fed because she's not massively keen on it. The problem is that for the last few days she's had problems chewing and breathing, so the amount I can give her each feeding is reduced and I can't get enough in to maintain weight. I've had to switch from giving enough CC to account for her entire daily calorie and fibre allowance, to a few mls each time, supplemented with a glucose and soluble fibre mixture in her water that I persuade her to drink a few times a day.
 

bpatters

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A pig that's not eating anything else needs 50-60 cc. of Critical Care or a pellet slurry every day, but it should be broken into 5-6 different feedings. You don't want to overload the pig by giving it all at one time.
 

OneandToodle

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Just a quick update - she's much the same, thankfully not really any worse. I called the vet yesterday who's been treating, who said that they also cultured a candida infection from her mucus, but she didn't know if that could cause these symptoms. They're normally pretty good with piggies, but are a bit out of their depth with Toodle so wouldn't give doxycycline without contacting the specialist. We're still waiting to hear back from the referral, in the meantime we took her back in but saw a useless vet who wouldn't give her subcutaneous fluids and whose only suggestion was to mix the critical care with water(?!?!). Our usual vet is off til Friday, but said shed give us a call later when the specialist replies.
 

bpatters

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You can make the Critical Care more watery, and you can also give water by syringe. Either of those would help. Also, some pigs like the flavor of pedialyte, and it's also good for them as it's got electrolytes in it. If you get it, be aware that it doesn't keep well.
 

OneandToodle

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As soon as she started having trouble chewing I've been making the CC more and more watery, but she's still struggling. Despite explaining about the syringing, the vet thought it was to be fed dry!! I've put in an additional water bottle with electrolyte because she seems to prefer the bottle to the syringe and offer it to her every hour or so - she normally has a bit but not enough to keep her going. She's been keener to eat her vegetables though and is nibbling them.
 

MochaAndMoo

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Bactrim is usually more effective with the organisms found in urinary tract infections, not in URIs. Many doctors and vets think it is not effective against strep at all, and is less effective against staph than some of the other antibiotics. Most of the references I found to it had to do with skin infections, not with URIs, so I'm not sure what the effectiveness would be there.
Bactrim does in fact kill the Staphylococcus bacteria. Even upon referencing doxy, I found a lot of skin related staph infections as well. While it is often the drug of choice for Urinary tract infections, it does in fact kill a number of bacteria's often associated with Respiratory Infections (Such as Pasturella). In my personal experience, I've only found Doxycycline effective in juvenile pigs (Though excellent when it comes to rats/mice). :) But then again, just my opinion.

If your pig isn't eating, chances are she isn't drinking. If her eye's appear sunken and she appears lethargic, chances are she's dehydrated. Dissolve a sachet of electrolyte replaced (I use hydralyte, most brands are very much the same) into a glass of water (200 ml or as directed) and administer 5-6 mls every 2 hours.
 

pinky

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I just wanted to mention that you need to be careful handling her if you have any open cuts or sores. Staph infections can be very serious.
 

OneandToodle

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Thanks again for the replies. Pinky - I hadn't thought of that, we do often have scratched hands from our cat play-fighting so will try and remember to be more careful!

So...the specialist has got back to us and recommended a new antibiotic that has only been out a month. I don't know the name and can't pick it up until tomorrow because they need to call the company and get the dosage, but fingers crossed it does the job.

They reckon growing candida is probably contamination of the sample, but said they could do a nasal rinse with canestan. Because she'd have to be anaesthetised for it though I've said no because it sounds too risky and I'd rather give the new antibiotics time to work. Does that sound sensible?
 

foggycreekcavy

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Please post the name of the new antibiotic here.
 

OneandToodle

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Veraflox pradofloxacin.

A quick google suggests that it is most commonly used for treatment of acute URI and staph infections...sounds like just the ticket.

Please keep fingers crossed that she's strong enough to cope with the treatment.
 

Soecara

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(broken link removed)

With a quick read of that this drug is marketed for cats and dogs but was also tested on guinea pigs and rats. I would discuss possible side effects to keep an eye out for when you pick up the drug.
 

foggycreekcavy

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Yes, monitor her very closely. Make sure she's eating and drinking normally. Weigh her daily (at the same time every day) and record the weights.

I haven't heard of it being used in guinea pigs yet, and I've read varying results in rabbits.
 
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