As far as the beans go...use canned...so much faster. I recommend cooking large portions and freezing individual sizes for quick meals. If you spend one day a week preparing 3-4 different meals and freezing them you could end up with enough food for a month.
Asian markets carry a lot of vegetarian items. Try some different stuff. I once bought a scary product labeled "vegetarian balls" (I know, I know...sick jokes come to mind) Basically I think they were frozen balls of tofu that cooked up quickly in stir frys. I also added them to soups, pastas, etc...they weren't bad.
Buy premade hummus and whole grain pita bread. It makes a great lunch if you eat it along with fresh veggies. Health Food stores often sell vegetarian "Hot Pocket" style foods that are really yummy and fast.
One of my favorites is vegetarian tamales. They are a mess to make but the taste is worth it. I fill mine with a refried black bean filling...you can add whatever spices you want, cheese, salsa, etc, even fill them with a tofu mix, vegetarian "meat" substitute...anything you want..... They freeze great and heat up fast. Different sauces on the top help jazz them up.
I used to drink the protien powders when I was younger...I hated that stuff. Maybe they are better now so ive it a try.