Calliso, jumping up is a frequent problem. Depending on the dog and aversives used, it can be "cured" fairly quickly or take years, if the dog ever "learns." My first dog, I thought the same way most people here do. I used all the "good, humane, effective" advice about "proper training methods." I screamed "No!" at him while kneeing him, grabbing his front paws, squeezing them to the point of pain/discomfort and holding them up until he lost his balance, jerking on his leash away from people he tried to jump on, all the usual stuff. (Although one thing I didn't do much of was step on his hind paws--that seemed too painful, even to me at the time.) It took him about a year and half before he stopped jumping on people. OTOH, in literally just a few minutes I got a shelter dog (very large for a pit bull) to stop jumping on me by reinforcing her for sitting, and just not doing anything to her when she jumped. (I did not make a big production of ignoring her--especially to sensitive, needy dogs, this can be a huge aversive. Humans might not think so, but the dog feels hurt whether or not humans notice.) Whenever she greeted me from that point on, she would eagerly sit. Granted, I did not generalize this to other people, as I had no one else to work with
(I was volunteering to walk and play with the dogs and decided on my own to try clicker training, only my partner was with me, and he's afraid of dogs...hooray...)
Alusdra, I do object to "teaching" dogs by walking into them. I'm not saying it's the worst thing in the world, but when someone walks into me, I expect them to say "excuse me," and I won't tolerate someone doing it intentionally. If they say, "Oh, I only did that on purpose to teach you a good lesson about getting out of my way," uh, you can probably imagine my reaction. It's just an unpleasant thing to experience, and I don't want to do unpleasant things to my furkids.
Why don't you positively train "no" or "look" (at me, make eye contact) as a cue to stop and look at your face? Seems a whole lot faster and easier than expecting the dog to generalize the same word (as "prepare to sit back," "release that from your mouth," "don't urinate," etc) over time. Training is about getting behaviors, such as stop moving, look at the handler, lie down, etc. Behaviors can be trained positively. People use aversives when they don't want to teach the dog to do something, but rather to discourage the dog from doing something (and when they're being ignorant, lazy, and/or cruel imo). You use "no" as a cue for a simple behavior that can be actively trained. The way you put it, it seems you understand this, and aren't under the illusion that no dog understands the sound "no" to mean the English word "no." Cueing a dog to sit, stop, look, etc is not aversive (so long as the dog does not find the behaviors themselves aversive, and the cues aren't either such as by being poisoned); squirting with a water bottle (so long as the dog does find it aversive) for your own faulty training is adding unnecessary suffering. Training catching sight of the bird, for example, as a cue to look at you is pretty easy, like teaching any other cue. Just use your verbal/hand signal cue every time she looks at the bird. It's like teaching the automatic sit for heeling. It's recommended that dogs be taught an automatic down when a toddler enters the room for households with dogs and very young children, and I think that sort of thing is a good idea.
Are you saying you allowed them to pull and move forward at the same time when indoors? Well, at least dogs are good discriminators...
The dog learns that pulling outside means s/he can't move forward. Extinction. The dog learns that hitting the end of the leash can mean s/he gets neck pain. Positive punishment. The dog that gets distracted with a treat from pulling learns that pulling constantly means a treat. Positive reinforcement for pulling. If praise works at all, it's most strongly a motivator in the real world as secondary negative reinforcement (when there is the presence of praise, there is the absence of aversives).
Teaching a dog to actively stay near you (as opposed to *not* going far from you), such as by targetting your knee or capturing/shaping coming near you, can be easy and fairly fast. I'd do this in an enclosed area without a leash. The leash should be like an airbag--there, but not actively used, only comes into play to alleviate something really bad when it happens. Some clicker trainers like using negative punishment (dog can't go forward if s/he pulls)/extinction (pulling is not reinforced) but I don't like inflicting unnecessary suffering (in the form of frustration, confusion, and neck pressure in this case). Also, I'd rather not deal with extinction bursts if pulling has worked for the dog in the past. I don't see why you won't clicker train a dog if you're willing to leashjerk train a dog. You can clicker train a dog to get over fear of humans, to tolerate handling, and of course to stay on a loose leash for troublefree walks/jogs.
I totally get that using a clicker requires holding it (or at least putting it between your teeth or under your foot), and I'm physically very clumsy/slow/uncoordinated, so I'm not the best clicker trainer. Just saying a word seems so much easier, true. But the clicker is superior in important ways so I stick with it, and it's true that it gets easier over time. You can, of course, practice aspects of using a clicker without clicker training an animal, such as using a clicker while holding other objects, or getting your timing better. That's actually highly recommended for people who are starting out.
Why Can't I Just Use My Voice? | Karen Pryor Clickertraining
Also interesting:
The Neurophysiology of Clicker Training | Karen Pryor Clickertraining